Written by Michael Haines  12/26/2023 Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) refers to a situation where occupants of a building experience acute health effects and discomfort that seem to be linked directly to time spent in the building, with no specific illness or cause identified.

Have you ever felt unwell just by spending time in your office or a particular building? If so, you might have experienced what is known as Sick Building Syndrome (SBS). This phenomenon, increasingly recognized in commercial buildings, impacts not just the health of employees but also their productivity and overall well-being. Let's dive into understanding the symptoms, causes, and, most importantly, how to prevent SBS for a healthier, more vibrant work environment.

What is Sick Building Syndrome?

Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) refers to a situation where occupants of a building experience acute health effects and discomfort that seem to be linked directly to time spent in the building, with no specific illness or cause identified. Symptoms may include headache, dizziness, nausea, eye, nose or throat irritation, dry cough, dry or itchy skin, difficulty concentrating, fatigue, and sensitivity to odors. The EPA, WHO, CDC, and NIOSH have all recognized SBS as a significant health concern.

What are the Causes of Sick Building Syndrome?

The causes of SBS are varied and often complex. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), they can be broadly categorized as follows:

• Inadequate ventilation, especially in buildings where windows do not open, can increase indoor pollutant levels by not bringing in enough outdoor air to dilute emissions from indoor sources and by not carrying indoor air pollutants out of the area.
• Chemical contaminants, which can originate from indoor sources such as adhesives, upholstery, carpeting, copy machines, manufactured wood products, cleaning agents, and pesticides. Outdoor sources like vehicle exhaust and building exhausts can also infiltrate the building and contribute to indoor pollution.
• Biological contaminants, which include bacteria, molds, pollen, and viruses, can breed in stagnant water accumulated in ducts, humidifiers, and drain pans, or where water has collected on ceiling tiles, carpeting, or insulation.

The Role of HVAC Systems in Preventing SBS

Properly maintained HVAC systems are crucial in preventing SBS. The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) suggests that efficient Commercial HVAC heating and cooling systems can significantly improve indoor air quality. Regular maintenance of HVAC systems, including replacing filters and cleaning ducts, can prevent the buildup of pollutants.

Building Design and Maintenance Strategies

Building design plays a pivotal role in preventing SBS. Features like operable windows, which allow for natural ventilation, can significantly improve air quality. Regular cleaning and maintenance of the building, including the use of non-toxic cleaning products and ensuring that areas prone to dampness are kept dry, are simple yet effective strategies.

Legal and Occupational Health Perspectives

Occupational health regulations often address aspects related to indoor air quality. Employers should be aware of these regulations to ensure compliance and to provide a safe working environment. For instance, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) offers guidelines on maintaining good indoor air quality.

Educating Employees About SBS

Awareness is key in combating SBS. Educating employees about the symptoms and causes of SBS can lead to early identification and resolution of issues. Information from reliable sources like the CDC can be invaluable in these educational efforts.

The Importance of Proactive Management

Proactive management of building and HVAC maintenance is crucial. This involves regular check-ups, immediate attention to any water leakage or dampness, and ensuring that air quality standards are met.

What are Some Sources of Information on Sick Building Syndrome?

For those looking to delve deeper into the topic of Sick Building Syndrome, understanding the research, guidelines, and findings from reputable organizations is crucial. Here are some notable sources:

• The EPA offers extensive research and guidelines on indoor air quality and its impact on health, including factors contributing to SBS. Their detailed reports provide valuable insights for both employers and employees. EPAInformation.
  
  

• World Health Organization (WHO) has conducted comprehensive studies on the global impact of indoor air quality. Their publications detail the effects of various environmental pollutants and preventive measures for SBS. WHO Details.
  
  

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) offers resources on asthma and indoor air quality, which are closely related to SBS. Their insights on how indoor environmental quality affects respiratory health are particularly useful. CDC on Indoor Air Quality.
  
  

• National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) provides guidelines and research on occupational safety, including the effects of building environments on workers’ health. Their documentation is a valuable resource for understanding and preventing SBS. NIOSH Guidelines.
  
  

• American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) sets the standards for HVAC systems, which play a crucial role in indoor air quality. Their guidelines and technical resources are essential for anyone looking to improve their building’s HVAC system to combat SBS. ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines.

These sources offer a wealth of information and are instrumental in understanding, diagnosing, and addressing Sick Building Syndrome. They provide not only the theoretical background but also practical guidelines and standards for maintaining a healthy indoor environment in commercial buildings.

Sick Building Syndrome is a multifaceted issue that requires attention and action from various stakeholders, including building managers, employers, and health professionals. 

By leveraging the resources and guidelines provided by these notable organizations, businesses can take significant steps toward creating healthier, more productive work environments. Understanding SBS is the first step; actively working to prevent it is the commitment to a healthier future in our workplaces.

Sick Building Syndrome Final Thoughts 

Sick Building Syndrome is a real and pressing issue in the modern workspace. By understanding its causes, symptoms, and prevention strategies, employers can take proactive steps to ensure their buildings are safe, healthy, and productive environments. 

From regular HVAC maintenance to adopting green cleaning practices and educating employees, every step counts towards combating the SBS epidemic and fostering a healthier workplace. Remember, a healthy workplace is not just a legal obligation but also a cornerstone of employee well-being and productivity.